Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 2401 to 2500 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 13.3 to 19.7 minutes. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2420
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2401 Jan 12 08:25 17h14.4m -25°33.8' Jan 26 16:57 05h14.7m +25°33.0' 2402 Jan 02 16:43 17h09.3m -23°59.2' Jan 16 11:05 05h09.0m +23°58.3' 2403 Jan 20 12:59 17h09.5m -22°14.5' Jan 06 07:40 05h08.2m +22°18.4' 2404 Jan 10 22:19 17h14.7m -20°39.0' Jan 23 17:26 05h15.6m +20°35.5' 2405 Jan 27 17:28 17h29.3m -19°12.0' Jan 13 04:45 05h28.2m +19°18.0' 2406 Jan 18 00:29 17h47.9m -18°28.6' Jan 03 20:53 05h46.5m +18°31.7' 2407 Dec 29 15:39 18h29.0m -19°00.4' Dec 16 05:56 06h27.7m +18°59.1' 2408 Dec 18 21:49 18h43.3m -20°09.4' Dec 05 20:41 06h42.0m +20°07.4' 2409 Dec 09 03:11 18h51.1m -21°41.0' Dec 23 14:48 06h51.6m +21°42.4' 2410 Dec 26 21:01 18h53.6m -23°23.2' Dec 13 17:28 06h53.2m +23°23.4' 2411 Dec 17 03:51 18h48.9m -25°00.0' Dec 03 13:40 06h49.0m +25°00.4' 2412 Nov 09 03:14 18h40.5m -26°25.9' Nov 22 06:30 06h40.3m +26°26.3' 2413 Oct 30 09:40 18h30.5m -27°35.1' Nov 12 01:18 06h29.8m +27°34.7' 2414 Oct 20 08:33 18h18.7m -28°20.2' Oct 05 17:47 06h19.0m +28°19.7' 2415 Oct 09 23:19 18h04.6m -28°38.5' Sep 26 01:10 06h05.3m +28°39.3' 2416 Mar 21 13:28 17h57.2m -28°39.1' Mar 08 03:26 05h57.3m +28°39.0' 2417 Mar 11 03:00 17h42.8m -28°18.8' Feb 26 10:13 05h42.6m +28°19.8' 2418 Feb 01 18:42 17h30.3m -27°33.8' Feb 16 11:20 05h30.6m +27°33.7' 2419 Jan 23 00:24 17h20.3m -26°24.8' Jan 09 21:10 05h20.5m +26°24.2' 2420 Jan 13 09:06 17h13.1m -24°58.2' Jan 26 22:11 05h12.5m +24°57.0'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2421 to 2440
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2421 Jan 02 16:57 17h09.1m -23°20.9' Jan 15 17:36 05h08.7m +23°19.6' 2422 Jan 20 10:31 17h11.3m -21°34.7' Jan 05 20:25 05h10.3m +21°39.1' 2423 Jan 10 14:57 17h18.7m -20°04.6' Jan 23 14:21 05h20.1m +20°00.5' 2424 Jan 28 05:14 17h36.4m -18°49.9' Jan 14 07:08 05h35.3m +18°54.5' 2425 Dec 11 12:26 18h15.3m -18°33.1' Dec 25 16:39 06h16.8m +18°33.3' 2426 Dec 29 06:01 18h35.1m -19°23.2' Dec 16 06:43 06h34.0m +19°22.5' 2427 Dec 19 15:16 18h47.2m -20°43.5' Dec 06 17:07 06h46.0m +20°42.1' 2428 Dec 09 00:19 18h52.9m -22°19.9' Dec 23 03:22 06h53.3m +22°21.2' 2429 Dec 26 20:12 18h52.0m -24°00.7' Dec 13 00:34 06h52.1m +24°01.1' 2430 Nov 19 18:47 18h45.4m -25°34.9' Dec 02 19:27 06h45.5m +25°35.2' 2431 Nov 10 00:19 18h37.4m -26°55.8' Nov 22 16:42 06h36.7m +26°55.4' 2432 Oct 29 22:09 18h26.9m -27°55.0' Oct 15 10:26 06h27.2m +27°54.5' 2433 Oct 19 12:24 18h13.3m -28°29.4' Oct 05 18:33 06h14.0m +28°30.0' 2434 Sep 11 17:01 17h58.7m -28°39.7' Sep 26 02:46 05h58.6m +28°39.8' 2435 Mar 21 17:11 17h51.4m -28°34.5' Mar 09 02:46 05h51.1m +28°35.3' 2436 Feb 12 10:05 17h38.3m -28°04.5' Feb 27 02:16 05h38.4m +28°04.5' 2437 Feb 01 16:52 17h26.9m -27°09.1' Jan 19 10:27 05h27.1m +27°08.3' 2438 Jan 23 01:48 17h18.0m -25°53.0' Jan 09 02:41 05h17.1m +25°53.1' 2439 Jan 13 08:35 17h11.8m -24°21.5' Jan 26 04:39 05h11.1m +24°19.9' 2440 Jan 03 12:03 17h08.7m -22°41.0' Jan 16 07:45 05h09.3m +22°39.2'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2441 to 2460
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2441 Jan 19 23:35 17h13.1m -20°56.5' Jan 05 17:43 05h12.5m +21°00.4' 2442 Jan 10 01:38 17h24.3m -19°35.0' Jan 23 18:15 05h25.9m +19°29.7' 2443 Jan 27 15:18 17h45.3m -18°32.9' Jan 14 11:24 05h44.1m +18°36.6' 2444 Dec 11 04:02 18h22.5m -18°46.9' Dec 25 15:14 06h23.9m +18°48.2' 2445 Dec 29 03:03 18h40.9m -19°51.6' Dec 16 00:58 06h39.6m +19°51.4' 2446 Dec 19 14:43 18h50.9m -21°19.5' Dec 06 05:07 06h49.8m +21°18.5' 2447 Dec 10 00:57 18h52.7m -22°58.6' Dec 23 10:56 06h53.4m +22°59.3' 2448 Nov 29 09:36 18h49.2m -24°38.5' Dec 12 08:31 06h49.5m +24°38.7' 2449 Nov 19 14:07 18h43.3m -26°08.8' Dec 02 08:21 06h42.8m +26°08.5' 2450 Nov 09 11:03 18h34.2m -27°20.8' Oct 26 03:04 06h34.4m +27°20.2' 2451 Oct 30 01:16 18h21.4m -28°10.5' Oct 16 11:42 06h22.1m +28°11.0' 2452 Sep 21 06:43 18h07.2m -28°36.9' Oct 05 19:26 06h07.1m +28°37.2' 2453 Mar 31 07:52 18h00.0m -28°40.1' Mar 18 18:55 05h59.7m +28°40.9' 2454 Feb 22 01:58 17h46.5m -28°25.9' Mar 08 16:45 05h46.5m +28°26.0' 2455 Feb 12 09:38 17h34.0m -27°45.4' Feb 26 07:50 05h34.0m +27°44.3' 2456 Feb 02 18:33 17h23.6m -26°41.8' Jan 19 14:39 05h22.8m +26°41.9' 2457 Jan 23 00:09 17h15.6m -25°19.0' Jan 08 10:50 05h14.6m +25°19.9' 2458 Jan 13 00:56 17h09.7m -23°42.2' Jan 25 20:22 05h10.1m +23°39.8' 2459 Jan 02 23:26 17h08.3m -22°01.3' Jan 16 06:44 05h09.6m +21°58.5' 2460 Jan 20 07:39 17h17.2m -20°21.7' Jan 06 19:59 05h16.1m +20°25.0'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2461 to 2480
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2461 Jan 09 12:42 17h32.0m -19°09.2' Jan 23 22:05 05h33.3m +19°03.2' 2462 Dec 21 12:24 18h10.7m -18°27.3' Dec 08 13:15 06h09.3m +18°26.4' 2463 Dec 12 02:21 18h29.8m -19°07.4' Dec 26 07:12 06h30.9m +19°09.5' 2464 Dec 29 04:24 18h46.4m -20°23.1' Dec 15 12:18 06h45.0m +20°23.0' 2465 Dec 19 15:23 18h52.1m -21°56.9' Dec 05 12:45 06h51.7m +21°55.8' 2466 Dec 09 23:34 18h51.8m -23°38.3' Dec 22 21:39 06h52.2m +23°38.4' 2467 Nov 30 03:02 18h48.1m -25°15.4' Dec 13 00:11 06h47.8m +25°15.2' 2468 Nov 18 23:18 18h40.5m -26°38.3' Dec 02 05:00 06h40.2m +26°37.5' 2469 Nov 08 14:03 18h28.8m -27°42.1' Oct 26 04:34 06h29.3m +27°42.5' 2470 Oct 01 20:43 18h15.5m -28°24.1' Oct 16 11:41 06h15.5m +28°24.5' 2471 Sep 21 18:48 18h01.9m -28°40.4' Oct 06 12:30 06h01.5m +28°39.5' 2472 Mar 03 18:15 17h54.9m -28°37.5' Mar 18 06:46 05h54.7m +28°37.7' 2473 Feb 22 02:35 17h41.3m -28°12.9' Mar 07 20:28 05h41.4m +28°11.9' 2474 Feb 12 11:13 17h29.7m -27°23.5' Jan 29 02:57 05h29.1m +27°23.5' 2475 Jan 06 04:53 17h20.3m -26°11.9' Jan 18 23:48 05h19.3m +26°12.5' 2476 Jan 23 13:42 17h12.0m -24°41.5' Jan 09 03:38 05h11.9m +24°43.0' 2477 Jan 12 09:10 17h07.7m -23°02.4' Jan 25 20:44 05h08.8m +22°58.7' 2478 Jan 02 07:21 17h10.4m -21°23.7' Jan 16 09:20 05h11.5m +21°19.7' 2479 Jan 19 18:39 17h23.1m -19°49.1' Jan 06 21:09 05h21.6m +19°52.3' 2480 Jan 10 05:55 17h38.7m -18°47.3' Jan 24 19:18 05h39.9m +18°41.8'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2481 to 2500
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2481 Dec 21 13:24 18h19.2m -18°38.6' Dec 08 04:23 06h17.3m +18°38.0' 2482 Dec 12 04:52 18h36.8m -19°32.6' Dec 25 18:22 06h37.8m +19°34.5' 2483 Dec 30 04:42 18h49.3m -20°57.4' Dec 15 22:00 06h48.6m +20°57.1' 2484 Dec 19 12:25 18h52.7m -22°36.5' Dec 05 00:27 06h52.3m +22°35.2' 2485 Dec 09 14:59 18h51.5m -24°17.2' Dec 22 16:00 06h51.5m +24°16.9' 2486 Nov 29 11:01 18h45.7m -25°48.7' Dec 12 22:00 06h45.4m +25°48.0' 2487 Nov 19 02:53 18h35.5m -27°05.0' Nov 05 21:06 06h36.0m +27°05.3' 2488 Oct 11 11:04 18h23.3m -28°01.5' Oct 26 03:26 06h23.5m +28°02.1' 2489 Oct 01 10:51 18h10.3m -28°33.8' Oct 16 02:48 06h09.9m +28°33.1' 2490 Mar 14 10:52 18h03.2m -28°39.1' Mar 28 20:24 06h03.1m +28°39.4' 2491 Mar 04 19:41 17h49.1m -28°30.9' Mar 18 09:09 05h49.2m +28°30.0' 2492 Feb 23 03:44 17h36.3m -27°56.8' Feb 08 15:43 05h36.0m +27°56.7' 2493 Jan 15 20:18 17h25.6m -26°58.0' Jan 28 13:29 05h24.7m +26°58.7' 2494 Jan 05 17:02 17h15.4m -25°38.8' Jan 18 18:30 05h15.4m +25°38.9' 2495 Jan 22 19:23 17h09.0m -24°03.1' Jan 09 03:01 05h08.8m +24°04.9' 2496 Jan 12 15:48 17h08.2m -22°23.4' Jan 26 23:11 05h09.1m +22°18.4' 2497 Jan 01 19:26 17h14.0m -20°46.7' Jan 16 08:33 05h14.8m +20°42.3' 2498 Jan 19 13:56 17h28.2m -19°19.5' Jan 06 16:03 05h26.8m +19°23.2' 2499 Jan 10 06:41 17h45.7m -18°31.7' Jan 24 08:47 05h46.9m +18°27.6' 2500 Dec 22 16:20 18h27.3m -18°55.3' Dec 08 15:35 06h25.5m +18°54.3'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.