Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 1601 to 1700 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 117 to 8 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1620
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1601 Jan 02 10:52 17h11.4m -25°05.6' Jan 15 20:29 05h11.8m +25°05.2' 1602 Jan 19 12:59 17h07.8m -23°25.9' Jan 06 05:27 05h07.2m +23°27.7' 1603 Jan 09 13:03 17h10.0m -21°46.2' Jan 24 01:39 05h10.8m +21°41.1' 1604 Jan 27 03:51 17h20.6m -20°06.7' Jan 14 09:11 05h19.2m +20°10.9' 1605 Jan 16 19:10 17h35.1m -19°00.5' Jan 03 15:54 05h33.9m +19°04.1' 1606 Dec 29 05:56 18h16.6m -18°39.5' Dec 15 07:48 06h14.7m +18°39.9' 1607 Dec 19 20:58 18h34.5m -19°28.2' Dec 05 14:38 06h33.2m +19°26.2' 1608 Dec 09 09:05 18h46.2m -20°47.5' Dec 22 07:00 06h47.5m +20°48.7' 1609 Dec 26 22:08 18h53.1m -22°26.3' Dec 12 13:58 06h52.7m +22°25.5' 1610 Dec 16 20:59 18h52.5m -24°06.5' Dec 30 09:16 06h52.4m +24°06.2' 1611 Dec 06 15:38 18h46.6m -25°40.1' Nov 23 06:51 06h46.6m +25°40.0' 1612 Nov 25 10:05 18h36.7m -27°00.2' Nov 12 14:14 06h37.3m +27°00.8' 1613 Oct 18 23:05 18h25.4m -28°00.9' Nov 02 15:40 06h25.5m +28°00.9' 1614 Oct 09 04:22 18h12.4m -28°36.5' Sep 26 01:37 06h12.3m +28°35.7' 1615 Sep 29 13:19 17h58.0m -28°45.8' Sep 15 13:41 05h58.2m +28°46.0' 1616 Mar 11 14:59 17h51.0m -28°41.4' Feb 26 05:17 05h51.1m +28°40.6' 1617 Mar 01 18:46 17h37.9m -28°11.2' Feb 15 00:34 05h37.7m +28°11.7' 1618 Jan 23 05:57 17h26.2m -27°16.1' Feb 05 04:06 05h25.8m +27°16.5' 1619 Jan 12 22:37 17h15.7m -26°00.2' Jan 26 12:33 05h15.9m +25°59.8' 1620 Jan 02 16:41 17h08.8m -24°29.4' Jan 16 21:08 05h09.1m +24°28.2'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1621 to 1640
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1621 Jan 18 22:47 17h08.0m -22°46.2' Jan 06 03:32 05h07.2m +22°48.3' 1622 Jan 09 06:44 17h12.3m -21°07.5' Jan 23 18:50 05h13.0m +21°02.4' 1623 Jan 27 05:14 17h25.2m -19°35.5' Jan 13 21:58 05h24.0m +19°40.7' 1624 Jan 17 23:27 17h42.7m -18°42.6' Jan 04 03:18 05h41.3m +18°46.9' 1625 Dec 29 06:55 18h24.4m -18°53.7' Dec 14 21:19 06h22.9m +18°53.4' 1626 Dec 19 18:24 18h40.0m -19°56.8' Dec 05 06:29 06h39.1m +19°53.9' 1627 Dec 10 00:39 18h49.7m -21°24.4' Dec 23 03:57 06h50.7m +21°25.1' 1628 Dec 26 07:02 18h53.8m -23°04.6' Dec 12 13:29 06h53.3m +23°04.1' 1629 Dec 16 03:42 18h50.6m -24°43.4' Dec 02 22:37 06h50.4m +24°43.3' 1630 Dec 06 00:46 18h42.8m -26°13.3' Nov 23 05:10 06h43.3m +26°13.8' 1631 Oct 29 15:14 18h32.7m -27°26.5' Nov 13 05:23 06h32.9m +27°26.6' 1632 Oct 18 21:35 18h20.5m -28°17.2' Oct 05 14:38 06h20.5m +28°16.2' 1633 Oct 09 06:30 18h06.6m -28°42.9' Sep 25 02:51 06h06.8m +28°43.1' 1634 Mar 22 07:45 17h59.4m -28°46.8' Mar 07 18:53 05h59.6m +28°45.9' 1635 Mar 12 09:59 17h45.7m -28°32.6' Feb 25 15:26 05h45.6m +28°33.0' 1636 Feb 02 19:39 17h32.9m -27°52.0' Feb 15 20:09 05h32.7m +27°52.5' 1637 Jan 22 10:38 17h21.3m -26°48.9' Feb 05 05:07 05h21.3m +26°48.4' 1638 Jan 12 03:59 17h12.4m -25°27.1' Jan 26 13:05 05h12.6m +25°25.7' 1639 Jan 02 03:52 17h07.4m -23°51.1' Jan 16 17:22 05h07.8m +23°49.3' 1640 Jan 19 18:28 17h08.9m -22°05.2' Jan 06 18:42 05h08.0m +22°08.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1641 to 1660
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1641 Jan 09 08:00 17h15.6m -20°31.3' Jan 23 04:27 05h16.5m +20°27.1' 1642 Jan 27 10:12 17h31.7m -19°09.1' Jan 13 07:30 05h30.4m +19°15.2' 1643 Dec 12 05:01 18h09.4m -18°32.9' Jan 03 16:03 05h49.6m +18°34.5' 1644 Dec 29 01:54 18h31.3m -19°14.8' Dec 14 16:47 06h30.2m +19°13.5' 1645 Dec 19 08:12 18h45.0m -20°28.9' Dec 05 05:03 06h43.9m +20°26.0' 1646 Dec 09 09:15 18h52.1m -22°01.7' Dec 23 04:27 06h52.6m +22°02.2' 1647 Dec 26 15:37 18h53.1m -23°43.0' Dec 13 13:38 06h52.8m +23°43.0' 1648 Dec 15 15:40 18h47.9m -25°20.1' Dec 02 19:16 06h48.1m +25°20.4' 1649 Nov 08 07:38 18h39.3m -26°43.9' Nov 22 18:26 06h39.6m +26°44.1' 1650 Oct 29 14:49 18h28.3m -27°48.4' Nov 12 10:55 06h28.2m +27°47.6' 1651 Oct 19 23:31 18h15.2m -28°30.1' Oct 05 16:16 06h15.2m +28°30.1' 1652 Sep 11 21:50 18h01.4m -28°46.2' Sep 24 09:50 06h01.4m +28°47.0' 1653 Mar 22 01:00 17h54.3m -28°44.2' Mar 07 07:04 05h54.4m +28°44.5' 1654 Feb 12 09:18 17h40.8m -28°19.2' Feb 25 12:53 05h40.7m +28°19.8' 1655 Feb 01 23:00 17h28.0m -27°30.3' Feb 15 22:02 05h27.9m +27°29.8' 1656 Jan 22 16:12 17h17.4m -26°19.7' Jan 09 18:53 05h17.6m +26°19.4' 1657 Jan 11 16:51 17h10.1m -24°50.7' Jan 26 07:22 05h10.5m +24°48.6' 1658 Jan 02 00:07 17h07.2m -23°10.9' Jan 16 05:33 05h07.5m +23°08.9' 1659 Jan 19 21:06 17h11.2m -21°25.8' Jan 06 03:33 05h10.0m +21°30.0' 1660 Jan 10 10:43 17h20.6m -19°58.7' Jan 23 12:48 05h21.6m +19°55.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1661 to 1680
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1661 Jan 27 11:22 17h39.2m -18°47.4' Jan 12 21:24 05h37.9m +18°53.6' 1662 Dec 11 23:34 18h17.6m -18°44.3' Dec 25 02:59 06h19.3m +18°44.6' 1663 Dec 29 14:19 18h37.8m -19°40.3' Dec 15 17:33 06h36.7m +19°38.8' 1664 Dec 18 17:31 18h48.9m -21°02.8' Dec 05 07:22 06h47.8m +21°00.6' 1665 Dec 08 18:24 18h53.1m -22°40.5' Dec 23 03:36 06h53.4m +22°41.1' 1666 Dec 26 06:36 18h51.6m -24°21.9' Dec 13 08:22 06h51.6m +24°22.2' 1667 Nov 19 00:09 18h45.0m -25°54.1' Dec 03 06:48 06h45.3m +25°54.3' 1668 Nov 08 07:54 18h35.4m -27°10.9' Nov 21 23:31 06h35.3m +27°10.2' 1669 Oct 29 16:10 18h23.5m -28°07.5' Oct 15 05:55 06h23.3m +28°07.3' 1670 Sep 22 13:34 18h10.5m -28°39.4' Oct 05 01:20 06h10.4m +28°40.3' 1671 Apr 01 15:46 18h03.4m -28°45.7' Mar 17 23:21 06h03.7m +28°45.9' 1672 Feb 22 22:53 17h49.4m -28°36.8' Mar 07 06:08 05h49.5m +28°37.5' 1673 Feb 11 11:43 17h35.7m -28°03.4' Feb 25 15:09 05h35.5m +28°02.9' 1674 Feb 01 05:16 17h23.6m -27°05.8' Jan 19 11:33 05h24.1m +27°05.4' 1675 Jan 22 07:01 17h14.5m -25°46.4' Jan 09 11:21 05h14.9m +25°46.6' 1676 Jan 12 15:07 17h09.2m -24°11.8' Jan 26 16:48 05h09.4m +24°09.3' 1677 Jan 02 01:16 17h08.1m -22°31.5' Jan 15 12:10 05h08.2m +22°29.6' 1678 Jan 19 23:10 17h14.7m -20°48.5' Jan 05 12:53 05h13.4m +20°53.6' 1679 Jan 10 09:04 17h26.4m -19°29.3' Jan 23 04:12 05h27.8m +19°25.6' 1680 Jan 28 04:43 17h47.1m -18°32.5' Jan 13 19:43 05h45.9m +18°37.5'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1681 to 1700
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1681 Dec 11 11:51 18h25.7m -19°01.1' Dec 25 05:27 06h27.3m +19°01.4' 1682 Dec 29 01:03 18h43.1m -20°09.0' Dec 15 19:50 06h42.1m +20°08.0' 1683 Dec 19 05:39 18h51.3m -21°39.7' Dec 06 07:36 06h50.4m +21°38.4' 1684 Dec 08 10:21 18h53.2m -23°20.5' Dec 22 20:17 06h53.5m +23°21.0' 1685 Nov 28 16:34 18h49.5m -24°58.6' Dec 12 18:26 06h49.7m +24°58.8' 1686 Nov 19 00:39 18h41.4m -26°25.6' Dec 02 11:55 06h41.4m +26°25.1' 1687 Nov 09 08:17 18h31.0m -27°35.6' Oct 25 19:47 06h30.7m +27°35.4' 1688 Oct 02 04:45 18h19.4m -28°22.6' Oct 14 17:16 06h19.2m +28°23.6' 1689 Sep 21 21:47 18h05.8m -28°44.5' Oct 04 21:44 06h06.3m +28°44.5' 1690 Mar 04 12:18 17h58.4m -28°44.5' Mar 17 23:38 05h58.8m +28°45.4' 1691 Feb 22 00:49 17h44.0m -28°27.3' Mar 08 08:16 05h43.7m +28°27.0' 1692 Feb 11 19:10 17h30.9m -27°44.2' Jan 30 04:02 05h31.4m +27°43.8' 1693 Jan 31 22:09 17h20.5m -26°36.6' Jan 19 01:45 05h20.9m +26°36.8' 1694 Jan 22 06:59 17h13.1m -25°10.1' Jan 08 20:00 05h12.6m +25°11.2' 1695 Jan 12 16:45 17h09.2m -23°32.9' Jan 25 21:50 05h08.9m +23°30.4' 1696 Jan 03 00:46 17h09.7m -21°52.6' Jan 15 21:44 05h10.3m +21°50.5' 1697 Jan 19 18:40 17h18.7m -20°13.3' Jan 05 05:48 05h17.8m +20°18.2' 1698 Jan 10 00:27 17h33.1m -19°05.4' Jan 23 04:55 05h34.7m +19°00.9' 1699 Dec 21 16:05 18h14.6m -18°37.7' Dec 08 04:14 06h13.2m +18°35.6' 1700 Dec 11 23:27 18h32.7m -19°22.5' Dec 26 06:59 06h34.0m +19°23.4'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.