Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 2001 to 2100 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 64 to 128 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2020
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2001 Dec 16 07:51 18h51.8m -24°15.0' Dec 03 06:54 06h51.6m +24°14.7' 2002 Dec 06 07:00 18h45.2m -25°48.6' Nov 23 12:14 06h45.5m +25°48.7' 2003 Nov 26 09:16 18h35.5m -27°05.6' Nov 13 10:16 06h35.9m +27°06.4' 2004 Oct 19 08:00 18h24.0m -28°02.8' Nov 02 01:32 06h23.8m +28°02.5' 2005 Oct 09 16:42 18h10.4m -28°36.2' Sep 25 06:42 06h10.5m +28°35.5' 2006 Mar 22 16:53 18h03.3m -28°43.4' Sep 15 01:28 05h56.5m +28°43.3' 2007 Mar 12 16:11 17h49.4m -28°36.3' Feb 25 23:35 05h49.5m +28°35.9' 2008 Mar 01 08:03 17h36.1m -28°01.6' Feb 16 06:10 05h36.0m +28°02.5' 2009 Jan 22 14:02 17h24.1m -27°04.8' Feb 05 14:55 05h24.0m +27°05.0' 2010 Jan 12 08:33 17h14.4m -25°47.9' Jan 26 21:04 05h14.6m +25°47.1' 2011 Jan 02 10:06 17h08.3m -24°14.5' Jan 16 22:51 05h08.7m +24°13.3' 2012 Jan 20 02:12 17h08.2m -22°29.5' Jan 06 21:46 05h07.3m +22°32.4' 2013 Jan 09 15:22 17h13.1m -20°52.8' Jan 23 05:12 05h13.8m +20°49.0' 2014 Jan 27 16:31 17h27.3m -19°23.5' Jan 13 08:14 05h25.9m +19°29.9' 2015 Jan 18 06:17 17h45.5m -18°34.5' Jan 03 17:53 05h43.9m +18°39.0' 2016 Dec 29 03:30 18h26.4m -18°57.6' Dec 14 21:43 06h25.2m +18°56.2' 2017 Dec 19 09:31 18h41.8m -20°03.7' Dec 05 11:43 06h40.6m +20°00.7' 2018 Dec 09 11:12 18h50.8m -21°32.2' Dec 23 11:48 06h51.3m +21°33.0' 2019 Dec 26 20:11 18h53.6m -23°13.7' Dec 13 20:57 06h53.2m +23°13.6' 2020 Dec 15 22:23 18h49.8m -24°52.9' Dec 03 01:22 06h49.8m +24°53.0'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2021 to 2040
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2021 Dec 06 02:25 18h41.8m -26°19.9' Nov 22 22:43 06h42.2m +26°20.5' 2022 Oct 30 01:04 18h31.5m -27°30.2' Nov 12 14:17 06h31.3m +27°30.0' 2023 Oct 20 09:19 18h18.9m -28°19.0' Oct 05 20:31 06h18.8m +28°18.2' 2024 Oct 09 11:53 18h05.4m -28°41.7' Sep 24 17:04 06h05.6m +28°42.3' 2025 Mar 22 06:47 17h58.4m -28°43.5' Mar 07 15:56 05h58.6m +28°43.0' 2026 Mar 11 21:12 17h44.4m -28°24.9' Feb 25 23:23 05h44.5m +28°25.7' 2027 Feb 02 02:38 17h31.3m -27°42.7' Feb 16 08:00 05h31.1m +27°43.0' 2028 Jan 22 21:35 17h20.0m -26°37.8' Jan 10 02:36 05h20.5m +26°37.2' 2029 Jan 12 00:15 17h12.0m -25°12.6' Jan 26 12:31 05h12.4m +25°11.2' 2030 Jan 02 08:17 17h07.9m -23°35.0' Jan 16 08:26 05h08.0m +23°33.6' 2031 Jan 20 05:10 17h10.0m -21°49.7' Jan 06 05:22 05h08.7m +21°53.8' 2032 Jan 10 16:49 17h17.4m -20°17.9' Jan 23 14:33 05h18.3m +20°14.4' 2033 Jan 27 14:55 17h34.1m -18°58.2' Jan 13 00:33 05h32.8m +19°04.4' 2034 Dec 12 00:24 18h12.0m -18°33.4' Dec 25 08:20 06h13.7m +18°33.5' 2035 Dec 29 15:02 18h33.6m -19°19.3' Dec 15 23:54 06h32.4m +19°17.9' 2036 Dec 18 19:32 18h46.4m -20°35.5' Dec 05 14:26 06h45.2m +20°33.4' 2037 Dec 08 22:32 18h52.3m -22°10.7' Dec 23 09:44 06h52.7m +22°11.7' 2038 Dec 26 13:42 18h52.8m -23°53.0' Dec 13 13:26 06h52.6m +23°53.3' 2039 Dec 16 19:27 18h47.1m -25°27.5' Dec 03 10:32 06h47.3m +25°28.0' 2040 Nov 08 17:47 18h38.0m -26°49.2' Nov 22 02:56 06h37.9m +26°49.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2041 to 2060
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2041 Oct 30 01:24 18h27.0m -27°52.3' Oct 15 10:36 06h26.7m +27°51.4' 2042 Oct 20 02:47 18h14.5m -28°30.7' Oct 05 09:09 06h14.7m +28°31.1' 2043 Sep 12 11:52 18h00.6m -28°42.7' Sep 25 14:42 06h01.2m +28°43.1' 2044 Mar 21 10:24 17h53.3m -28°38.6' Mar 07 16:53 05h53.5m +28°39.2' 2045 Feb 11 15:40 17h39.2m -28°11.9' Feb 26 01:04 05h39.0m +28°12.3' 2046 Feb 01 11:30 17h26.8m -27°20.7' Jan 19 18:56 05h27.4m +27°19.8' 2047 Jan 22 15:26 17h17.2m -26°06.2' Jan 09 16:36 05h17.6m +26°06.0' 2048 Jan 13 00:07 17h10.9m -24°35.2' Jan 26 19:32 05h10.8m +24°33.4' 2049 Jan 02 09:17 17h08.4m -22°56.0' Jan 15 14:32 05h08.2m +22°54.5' 2050 Jan 20 05:15 17h12.7m -21°11.0' Jan 05 16:08 05h11.5m +21°15.8' 2051 Jan 10 12:25 17h22.3m -19°45.9' Jan 23 08:46 05h23.7m +19°41.9' 2052 Jan 28 05:17 17h41.5m -18°39.7' Jan 14 01:12 05h40.4m +18°44.5' 2053 Dec 11 12:05 18h20.7m -18°45.8' Dec 25 11:21 06h22.2m +18°46.0' 2054 Dec 29 03:18 18h39.4m -19°45.2' Dec 16 01:47 06h38.3m +19°44.3' 2055 Dec 19 10:14 18h49.5m -21°11.3' Dec 06 12:59 06h48.4m +21°09.9' 2056 Dec 08 17:13 18h53.2m -22°50.4' Dec 23 00:17 06h53.6m +22°51.3' 2057 Dec 26 12:09 18h51.0m -24°30.0' Dec 12 21:42 06h51.1m +24°30.4' 2058 Nov 19 09:59 18h43.5m -26°01.0' Dec 02 15:32 06h43.5m +26°00.9' 2059 Nov 09 16:49 18h34.2m -27°16.7' Oct 26 00:58 06h33.7m +27°15.7' 2060 Oct 29 17:05 18h23.2m -28°09.9' Oct 15 01:32 06h23.3m +28°10.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2061 to 2080
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2061 Sep 22 01:20 18h09.7m -28°37.7' Oct 05 08:08 06h10.3m +28°38.3' 2062 Mar 31 23:35 18h02.2m -28°42.2' Mar 18 10:24 06h02.5m +28°42.8' 2063 Feb 22 05:09 17h47.7m -28°31.7' Mar 08 17:58 05h47.3m +28°32.2' 2064 Feb 12 02:10 17h34.5m -27°55.3' Feb 26 20:13 05h34.6m +27°54.5' 2065 Feb 01 07:20 17h23.6m -26°53.5' Jan 19 06:26 05h24.0m +26°53.2' 2066 Jan 22 16:31 17h15.4m -25°31.9' Jan 08 23:20 05h14.7m +25°32.5' 2067 Jan 13 00:58 17h10.3m -23°57.3' Jan 26 00:50 05h09.8m +23°55.3' 2068 Jan 03 06:48 17h09.0m -22°16.5' Jan 16 02:15 05h09.6m +22°14.6' 2069 Jan 19 21:30 17h15.6m -20°34.0' Jan 05 11:24 05h14.9m +20°38.5' 2070 Jan 10 01:11 17h28.4m -19°18.9' Jan 23 11:28 05h30.0m +19°14.0' 2071 Dec 21 16:34 18h09.0m -18°28.9' Jan 14 05:41 05h49.4m +18°30.9' 2072 Dec 11 01:27 18h27.8m -19°03.5' Dec 25 11:40 06h29.1m +19°04.6' 2073 Dec 28 21:38 18h44.1m -20°16.3' Dec 15 22:12 06h43.0m +20°16.0' 2074 Dec 19 07:43 18h52.2m -21°49.0' Dec 06 03:05 06h51.2m +21°48.1' 2075 Dec 09 16:59 18h52.7m -23°29.0' Dec 23 08:11 06h53.2m +23°29.4' 2076 Nov 29 01:35 18h47.7m -25°06.6' Dec 12 04:08 06h48.0m +25°06.5' 2077 Nov 19 07:28 18h40.5m -26°33.0' Dec 02 01:46 06h39.9m +26°32.3' 2078 Nov 09 06:39 18h31.0m -27°39.6' Oct 25 18:03 06h31.1m +27°39.7' 2079 Oct 02 14:22 18h18.2m -28°22.7' Oct 16 01:29 06h18.8m +28°23.4' 2080 Sep 21 02:33 18h03.6m -28°42.4' Oct 05 09:53 06h03.6m +28°41.9'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2081 to 2100
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2081 Mar 03 19:02 17h56.3m -28°41.6' Mar 18 10:34 05h55.9m +28°42.2' 2082 Feb 21 17:29 17h42.7m -28°21.0' Mar 08 11:16 05h42.6m +28°20.2' 2083 Feb 11 23:44 17h30.6m -27°33.3' Jan 29 19:57 05h30.9m +27°33.0' 2084 Jan 06 00:01 17h21.3m -26°23.3' Jan 19 11:14 05h20.1m +26°24.1' 2085 Jan 22 16:49 17h13.8m -24°56.3' Jan 08 06:01 05h12.6m +24°57.9' 2086 Jan 12 20:13 17h09.4m -23°17.6' Jan 25 13:48 05h09.7m +23°15.0' 2087 Jan 02 20:57 17h09.6m -21°37.1' Jan 15 23:21 05h11.0m +21°34.3' 2088 Jan 20 07:04 17h20.2m -20°01.1' Jan 06 13:10 05h19.1m +20°04.7' 2089 Jan 09 11:54 17h36.6m -18°56.9' Jan 23 16:28 05h38.1m +18°51.1' 2090 Dec 21 09:02 18h16.5m -18°37.4' Dec 08 10:26 06h15.2m +18°36.2' 2091 Dec 11 21:10 18h34.1m -19°27.5' Dec 26 05:43 06h35.3m +19°29.5' 2092 Dec 28 21:41 18h48.8m -20°50.3' Dec 15 10:59 06h47.6m +20°50.2' 2093 Dec 19 08:08 18h53.0m -22°26.9' Dec 05 10:39 06h52.6m +22°26.1' 2094 Dec 09 16:27 18h50.8m -24°07.8' Dec 22 16:45 06h51.2m +24°07.7' 2095 Nov 29 21:18 18h45.8m -25°42.3' Dec 12 17:11 06h45.4m +25°41.8' 2096 Nov 18 19:29 18h37.8m -27°00.7' Nov 04 10:38 06h37.8m +27°00.7' 2097 Oct 12 03:02 18h25.9m -27°58.2' Oct 25 18:37 06h26.5m +27°59.0' 2098 Oct 01 16:08 18h12.0m -28°34.0' Oct 16 02:36 06h12.0m +28°33.7' 2099 Sep 21 11:17 17h58.0m -28°43.1' Mar 29 02:47 06h04.5m +28°42.2' 2100 Mar 04 09:17 17h51.1m -28°37.0' Mar 19 01:51 05h50.9m +28°36.3'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.