Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 1901 to 2000 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from -1 to 64 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 1920
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1901 Jan 17 12:32 17h11.4m -21°22.1' Jan 03 03:47 05h10.9m +21°25.5' 1902 Jan 07 14:25 17h20.6m -19°55.8' Jan 21 02:44 05h22.2m +19°51.2' 1903 Jan 25 03:30 17h40.4m -18°47.2' Jan 11 19:38 05h39.1m +18°50.7' 1904 Dec 08 14:26 18h18.0m -18°41.8' Dec 23 01:17 06h19.5m +18°43.4' 1905 Dec 26 12:30 18h37.4m -19°39.8' Dec 13 12:37 06h36.1m +19°39.1' 1906 Dec 17 00:06 18h49.0m -21°03.4' Dec 31 01:31 06h49.5m +21°04.5' 1907 Dec 07 10:53 18h52.7m -22°40.9' Dec 21 01:16 06h53.5m +22°42.2' 1908 Dec 24 05:03 18h50.4m -24°21.9' Dec 09 22:13 06h50.6m +24°22.3' 1909 Nov 17 03:09 18h44.6m -25°54.8' Nov 29 20:34 06h44.2m +25°55.2' 1910 Nov 07 02:17 18h36.4m -27°11.7' Nov 19 22:59 06h36.2m +27°11.4' 1911 Oct 27 17:33 18h24.4m -28°06.5' Oct 13 22:31 06h25.1m +28°05.9' 1912 Oct 16 06:17 18h10.1m -28°37.6' Oct 03 07:05 06h10.3m +28°38.1' 1913 Mar 28 22:22 18h02.9m -28°44.4' Mar 16 07:22 06h02.7m +28°44.2' 1914 Mar 18 20:07 17h49.2m -28°35.2' Mar 06 07:08 05h49.1m +28°35.9' 1915 Feb 09 20:32 17h36.5m -27°59.9' Feb 23 23:44 05h36.5m +27°59.9' 1916 Jan 31 05:12 17h25.5m -27°01.2' Feb 13 13:20 05h25.0m +27°00.4' 1917 Jan 20 11:37 17h17.0m -25°42.4' Jan 06 00:55 05h16.0m +25°42.5' 1918 Jan 10 13:45 17h10.5m -24°08.1' Jan 23 08:14 05h10.6m +24°06.5' 1919 Jan 27 22:28 17h09.2m -22°20.7' Jan 13 16:46 05h09.0m +22°25.0' 1920 Jan 17 21:05 17h14.4m -20°45.8' Jan 04 04:57 05h13.4m +20°48.6'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1921 to 1940
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1921 Jan 07 00:46 17h27.7m -19°27.9' Jan 21 06:53 05h29.1m +19°22.4' 1922 Jan 24 17:17 17h48.7m -18°31.9' Jan 11 20:49 05h47.4m +18°35.1' 1923 Dec 09 11:13 18h25.3m -18°59.1' Dec 23 19:00 06h26.6m +19°01.6' 1924 Dec 26 13:22 18h43.6m -20°09.6' Dec 13 01:25 06h42.1m +20°09.1' 1925 Dec 17 01:16 18h51.2m -21°40.0' Dec 30 10:22 06h52.0m +21°40.6' 1926 Dec 07 10:53 18h51.9m -23°20.6' Dec 20 10:28 06h52.6m +23°21.2' 1927 Nov 27 16:23 18h49.0m -24°59.8' Dec 10 11:45 06h48.8m +25°00.0' 1928 Nov 16 14:40 18h42.4m -26°26.6' Nov 29 15:50 06h42.2m +26°26.3' 1929 Nov 06 06:04 18h31.6m -27°34.9' Oct 23 15:23 06h32.1m +27°34.3' 1930 Oct 26 20:05 18h18.2m -28°21.6' Oct 13 23:40 06h18.5m +28°22.0' 1931 Sep 19 07:42 18h04.7m -28°43.1' Oct 04 02:26 06h04.4m +28°43.5' 1932 Mar 28 12:15 17h57.7m -28°43.5' Mar 15 21:43 05h57.5m +28°44.2' 1933 Feb 19 13:26 17h44.1m -28°24.1' Mar 05 12:43 05h44.1m +28°24.2' 1934 Feb 09 22:09 17h32.0m -27°40.1' Feb 23 01:34 05h31.5m +27°39.3' 1935 Jan 31 03:32 17h22.0m -26°33.1' Jan 16 13:37 05h21.2m +26°33.1' 1936 Jan 21 03:24 17h13.5m -25°06.5' Jan 06 15:27 05h13.3m +25°07.2' 1937 Jan 09 23:38 17h07.9m -23°28.4' Jan 23 06:48 05h08.9m +23°25.7' 1938 Jan 27 04:37 17h10.5m -21°41.8' Jan 13 18:42 05h09.8m +21°45.6' 1939 Jan 17 06:48 17h19.7m -20°11.9' Jan 04 06:38 05h18.3m +20°14.6' 1940 Jan 07 16:14 17h34.5m -19°03.3' Jan 22 05:44 05h35.8m +18°58.0'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1941 to 1960
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1941 Dec 18 21:44 18h14.1m -18°35.7' Dec 05 16:14 06h12.4m +18°34.7' 1942 Dec 09 13:24 18h32.9m -19°21.8' Dec 23 07:01 06h34.0m +19°24.3' 1943 Dec 27 14:37 18h47.5m -20°42.2' Dec 13 10:50 06h46.6m +20°41.5' 1944 Dec 16 23:59 18h52.1m -22°18.9' Dec 29 22:36 06h52.8m +22°19.1' 1945 Dec 07 04:37 18h52.0m -24°00.4' Dec 20 02:59 06h52.1m +24°00.5' 1946 Nov 27 02:22 18h47.3m -25°34.8' Dec 10 08:38 06h47.1m +25°34.5' 1947 Nov 16 18:27 18h38.0m -26°54.9' Nov 03 07:57 06h38.3m +26°54.2' 1948 Nov 05 10:15 18h25.8m -27°56.0' Oct 23 15:46 06h26.2m +27°56.3' 1949 Sep 28 23:16 18h13.1m -28°33.0' Oct 13 17:15 06h12.8m +28°33.6' 1950 Sep 19 04:30 17h59.2m -28°43.8' Oct 03 10:34 05h59.0m +28°43.1' 1951 Mar 02 06:31 17h52.0m -28°38.6' Mar 16 01:35 05h52.1m +28°38.8' 1952 Feb 20 15:02 17h38.9m -28°10.4' Mar 04 14:11 05h38.6m +28°09.6' 1953 Feb 09 19:06 17h27.6m -27°16.8' Jan 26 02:58 05h27.0m +27°16.7' 1954 Jan 03 07:11 17h17.4m -26°00.7' Jan 16 06:02 05h17.3m +26°01.3' 1955 Jan 20 10:29 17h09.8m -24°28.7' Jan 06 13:23 05h09.8m +24°29.7' 1956 Jan 10 05:55 17h07.4m -22°49.5' Jan 24 09:03 05h08.3m +22°45.6' 1957 Jan 26 14:15 17h13.8m -21°03.8' Jan 13 18:56 05h12.6m +21°07.5' 1958 Jan 16 23:58 17h24.7m -19°40.2' Jan 04 03:10 05h23.3m +19°43.3' 1959 Jan 07 15:17 17h41.0m -18°44.2' Jan 21 20:45 05h42.3m +18°40.2' 1960 Dec 19 00:47 18h22.7m -18°49.4' Dec 05 03:46 06h20.9m +18°48.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1961 to 1980
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1961 Dec 09 16:00 18h38.7m -19°49.1' Dec 22 18:38 06h40.1m +19°50.9' 1962 Dec 27 11:42 18h50.1m -21°18.7' Dec 13 00:20 06h49.6m +21°17.6' 1963 Dec 17 15:41 18h53.2m -22°58.7' Dec 30 18:02 06h53.6m +22°58.6' 1964 Dec 06 13:27 18h51.0m -24°37.6' Dec 20 01:13 06h50.8m +24°37.4' 1965 Nov 26 06:53 18h43.6m -26°07.3' Nov 13 00:10 06h43.8m +26°06.7' 1966 Nov 16 00:48 18h32.9m -27°21.3' Nov 03 07:19 06h33.5m +27°21.6' 1967 Oct 09 15:12 18h21.1m -28°13.0' Oct 24 07:31 06h21.0m +28°13.7' 1968 Sep 28 21:33 18h07.6m -28°40.0' Oct 12 23:41 06h07.4m +28°39.5' 1969 Mar 11 23:46 18h00.3m -28°43.2' Mar 25 14:29 06h00.4m +28°43.5' 1970 Mar 02 07:48 17h46.4m -28°31.3' Mar 15 03:21 05h46.3m +28°30.6' 1971 Feb 20 10:21 17h33.9m -27°52.5' Feb 05 17:03 05h33.5m +27°52.3' 1972 Feb 10 05:54 17h22.5m -26°48.5' Jan 26 21:22 05h22.3m +26°49.4' 1973 Jan 02 14:09 17h13.0m -25°27.0' Jan 16 05:27 05h13.1m +25°27.0' 1974 Jan 19 15:43 17h08.1m -23°50.7' Jan 06 13:23 05h07.6m +23°52.0' 1975 Jan 09 16:59 17h08.5m -22°10.0' Jan 24 07:26 05h09.2m +22°05.3' 1976 Jan 27 09:15 17h17.0m -20°26.7' Jan 14 12:11 05h15.7m +20°31.1' 1977 Jan 17 01:19 17h30.1m -19°13.0' Jan 03 16:47 05h28.8m +19°17.0' 1978 Jan 07 18:52 17h49.2m -18°31.6' Dec 15 08:00 06h08.9m +18°30.4' 1979 Dec 20 02:07 18h29.8m -19°08.9' Dec 05 16:21 06h28.5m +19°06.6' 1980 Dec 09 13:35 18h43.5m -20°21.4' Dec 22 11:48 06h44.9m +20°22.5'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1981 to 2000
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 1981 Dec 27 01:24 18h52.4m -21°56.9' Dec 12 20:50 06h51.9m +21°55.8' 1982 Dec 16 23:55 18h53.2m -23°36.9' Dec 30 17:24 06h53.1m +23°36.6' 1983 Dec 06 19:22 18h48.4m -25°13.5' Nov 23 15:53 06h48.3m +25°13.0' 1984 Nov 25 15:45 18h39.5m -26°38.5' Nov 12 22:10 06h40.0m +26°38.7' 1985 Oct 19 07:26 18h28.7m -27°43.6' Nov 02 21:12 06h28.8m +27°44.4' 1986 Oct 09 14:46 18h15.9m -28°26.3' Oct 23 12:40 06h15.8m +28°25.8' 1987 Sep 29 23:46 18h01.7m -28°43.4' Sep 15 17:11 06h01.9m +28°42.9' 1988 Mar 12 00:27 17h54.6m -28°42.4' Mar 24 17:09 05h54.6m +28°41.8' 1989 Mar 02 01:21 17h41.2m -28°19.2' Feb 15 07:55 05h41.0m +28°18.9' 1990 Feb 19 18:57 17h28.7m -27°29.3' Feb 05 13:26 05h28.6m +27°30.1' 1991 Jan 13 01:53 17h17.9m -26°19.2' Jan 26 22:01 05h17.9m +26°19.3' 1992 Jan 02 20:28 17h10.1m -24°52.2' Jan 17 05:09 05h10.3m +24°51.6' 1993 Jan 19 03:58 17h07.6m -23°10.7' Jan 06 09:18 05h07.0m +23°12.6' 1994 Jan 09 13:10 17h10.1m -21°30.1' Jan 23 21:28 05h10.8m +21°25.6' 1995 Jan 27 12:23 17h21.3m -19°53.1' Jan 13 22:36 05h20.0m +19°58.7' 1996 Jan 18 05:35 17h37.4m -18°51.1' Jan 04 03:23 05h35.9m +18°55.8' 1997 Dec 29 10:44 18h18.9m -18°40.3' Dec 14 23:44 06h17.4m +18°39.8' 1998 Dec 19 21:24 18h36.1m -19°34.5' Dec 05 11:02 06h35.0m +19°31.4' 1999 Dec 10 02:50 18h47.7m -20°56.2' Dec 23 10:46 06h48.7m +20°57.0' 2000 Dec 26 09:42 18h53.7m -22°34.7' Dec 12 21:29 06h53.0m +22°34.0'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.