Moonset Over the Chiricahua Mountains Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
Greenwich Mean Time
Introduction
The Moon's orbit is inclined ˜5.1° to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon’s declination changes rapidly over the course of the draconic month. The extremes in the Moon's southern (or negative) declination ranges from about -18.2° to -28.7°. Similarly, the extremes in the Moon's northern (or positive) declination ranges from about +18.2° to +28.7°.
As its declination changes, so does the azimuth of the lunar rise and set positions along the horizon. When the Moon reaches its minimum or maximum declination, the changing rise an set azimuths halt and reverse direction. This event occurs twice each draconic month and is called lunar standstill.
The gravitational pull of the Sun also forces the moon's orbit to slowly rotate westward on its axis ˜19° per year. In a period of ˜18.6 years, the nodes of the lunar orbit make one complete revolution. The effect on the Moon's declination extremes and lunar standstill points are to change them gradually from month to month.
The monthly declination extremes (and lunar standstills) are further modulated over the 18.6 year precession of the Moon's orbital nodes.
Lunar Standstills Table Description
The table below gives the date and time (Greenwich Mean Time) as well as the Moon's Right Ascention (RA) and Declination (Dec.) for the greatest lunar standstills each year during for the century 2101 to 2200 . For a table of monthly lunar standstills over this century, see Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200 .
The azimuth of the Moon at moonrise depends on the Moon's declination (δ) and the observer's geographic latitude (φ). It can be calculated as follows:
A = ArcCos (sin δ / cos φ) where A = azimuth δ = declination of the Moon φ = observer's latitude (north +, south -)
The azimuth of the Moon at moonset can be calculate by simply subtracting the moonrise azimuth from 360°.
Additional information on lunar standstill is available in Wikipedia
The values of ΔT used to convert Dynamical Time to Greenwich Mean Time in this 100-year table range from 128 to 272 seconds. The uncertainty in the value of ΔT grows large for dates in the distant past or future.
For Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills from 1501 through 2500, see Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills by Century.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2120
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2101 Feb 22 16:26 17h38.0m -28°04.7' Feb 09 09:08 05h38.2m +28°04.3' 2102 Feb 13 01:55 17h26.8m -27°08.3' Jan 29 23:19 05h26.2m +27°09.0' 2103 Jan 06 21:56 17h18.1m -25°52.6' Jan 19 18:16 05h17.0m +25°52.9' 2104 Jan 24 09:32 17h11.2m -24°17.8' Jan 09 20:30 05h10.8m +24°20.0' 2105 Jan 13 06:56 17h08.0m -22°37.3' Jan 26 12:31 05h09.3m +22°33.5' 2106 Jan 03 05:48 17h12.2m -21°00.4' Jan 17 02:04 05h13.5m +20°56.4' 2107 Jan 20 16:57 17h27.0m -19°31.6' Jan 07 15:50 05h25.5m +19°34.8' 2108 Jan 11 02:57 17h44.5m -18°39.1' Jan 25 16:34 05h45.7m +18°33.6' 2109 Dec 22 08:00 18h24.3m -18°52.9' Dec 09 03:50 06h22.6m +18°52.1' 2110 Dec 12 22:30 18h40.6m -19°56.0' Dec 26 17:34 06h41.5m +19°57.9' 2111 Dec 30 22:22 18h51.1m -21°25.8' Dec 16 19:43 06h50.6m +21°25.7' 2112 Dec 20 06:24 18h52.4m -23°06.3' Dec 05 19:50 06h52.3m +23°05.5' 2113 Dec 10 10:12 18h49.9m -24°46.0' Dec 23 08:42 06h49.8m +24°45.6' 2114 Nov 30 07:38 18h43.5m -26°14.1' Nov 16 03:12 06h43.4m +26°14.0' 2115 Oct 23 15:27 18h32.9m -27°24.6' Nov 06 11:30 06h33.3m +27°25.5' 2116 Oct 12 06:00 18h19.9m -28°15.7' Oct 26 18:55 06h20.1m +28°15.5' 2117 Oct 02 02:52 18h06.5m -28°41.0' Sep 19 14:13 06h06.3m +28°40.3' 2118 Mar 15 01:30 17h59.5m -28°43.0' Mar 29 16:00 05h59.3m +28°42.5' 2119 Mar 05 09:21 17h45.7m -28°26.9' Feb 19 22:05 05h45.8m +28°26.4' 2120 Feb 23 18:35 17h33.2m -27°45.4' Feb 09 11:42 05h32.9m +27°46.1'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2121 to 2140
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2121 Jan 16 13:53 17h23.2m -26°41.8' Jan 29 07:13 05h22.2m +26°42.1' 2122 Jan 06 12:45 17h13.9m -25°18.0' Jan 19 10:32 05h13.9m +25°17.7' 2123 Jan 23 17:14 17h08.5m -23°38.2' Jan 09 18:48 05h08.3m +23°40.5' 2124 Jan 13 13:40 17h09.0m -21°58.5' Jan 27 15:39 05h10.1m +21°53.3' 2125 Jan 02 16:29 17h16.9m -20°25.5' Jan 17 03:31 05h17.9m +20°20.8' 2126 Jan 20 09:39 17h33.2m -19°05.3' Jan 07 13:32 05h31.8m +19°08.7' 2127 Dec 05 06:08 18h09.6m -18°29.0' Dec 19 08:12 06h11.0m +18°31.8' 2128 Dec 22 10:37 18h32.2m -19°13.6' Dec 08 15:23 06h30.4m +19°12.6' 2129 Dec 13 00:31 18h44.9m -20°28.0' Dec 26 04:12 06h46.1m +20°29.2' 2130 Dec 30 19:08 18h52.3m -22°04.3' Dec 16 08:09 06h52.0m +22°04.1' 2131 Dec 20 22:04 18h52.6m -23°45.8' Dec 06 12:48 06h52.2m +23°45.2' 2132 Dec 09 19:11 18h48.1m -25°21.0' Nov 25 19:39 06h48.0m +25°20.9' 2133 Nov 29 12:07 18h39.0m -26°43.0' Nov 16 04:05 06h39.4m +26°43.7' 2134 Oct 22 20:12 18h27.5m -27°47.9' Nov 06 10:45 06h27.7m +27°47.8' 2135 Oct 12 18:51 18h14.8m -28°28.8' Sep 30 04:51 06h14.7m +28°28.0' 2136 Oct 02 00:24 18h00.9m -28°42.0' Sep 18 20:23 06h00.9m +28°42.3' 2137 Mar 15 02:28 17h53.7m -28°39.4' Mar 01 10:58 05h53.8m +28°38.8' 2138 Mar 05 11:10 17h40.3m -28°13.7' Feb 19 00:31 05h40.1m +28°14.3' 2139 Jan 27 05:30 17h29.0m -27°23.8' Feb 08 20:53 05h28.1m +27°24.1' 2140 Jan 17 02:03 17h18.2m -26°10.9' Jan 30 01:20 05h18.1m +26°10.5'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2141 to 2160
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2141 Jan 05 19:56 17h10.0m -24°41.4' Jan 19 10:17 05h10.5m +24°40.3' 2142 Jan 22 22:36 17h08.0m -22°59.0' Jan 09 19:36 05h07.3m +23°01.4' 2143 Jan 13 00:43 17h11.7m -21°20.1' Jan 27 15:20 05h12.4m +21°14.0' 2144 Jan 03 10:26 17h21.3m -19°52.4' Jan 17 22:02 05h22.3m +19°48.1' 2145 Jan 20 10:46 17h39.4m -18°44.6' Jan 07 04:13 05h38.2m +18°48.8' 2146 Dec 05 09:50 18h18.3m -18°40.5' Dec 18 19:59 06h19.6m +18°43.1' 2147 Dec 23 11:45 18h38.1m -19°39.2' Dec 09 03:00 06h36.9m +19°37.6' 2148 Dec 12 22:03 18h48.3m -21°04.0' Dec 25 20:13 06h49.5m +21°04.6' 2149 Dec 30 08:44 18h53.5m -22°43.7' Dec 16 03:48 06h53.2m +22°43.3' 2150 Dec 20 06:11 18h51.6m -24°23.0' Dec 06 11:54 06h51.3m +24°22.8' 2151 Dec 10 00:51 18h44.6m -25°54.1' Nov 26 20:17 06h44.8m +25°54.6' 2152 Nov 01 10:47 18h34.5m -27°11.3' Nov 16 02:00 06h34.8m +27°11.3' 2153 Oct 22 11:11 18h22.7m -28°06.8' Oct 09 18:54 06h22.8m +28°05.9' 2154 Oct 12 17:37 18h09.3m -28°36.2' Sep 29 09:27 06h09.3m +28°36.3' 2155 Mar 25 19:44 18h02.0m -28°41.9' Mar 11 23:54 06h02.2m +28°41.1' 2156 Mar 15 03:38 17h48.0m -28°32.6' Feb 29 13:53 05h48.0m +28°33.1' 2157 Feb 05 20:49 17h35.5m -27°57.5' Feb 18 11:21 05h34.9m +27°57.9' 2158 Jan 26 15:12 17h23.6m -26°57.5' Feb 08 16:54 05h23.4m +26°57.1' 2159 Jan 16 07:13 17h13.9m -25°37.8' Jan 02 16:54 05h13.9m +25°37.5' 2160 Jan 06 02:16 17h08.0m -24°04.4' Jan 20 10:48 05h08.4m +24°02.3'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2161 to 2180
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2161 Jan 22 10:33 17h08.8m -22°18.7' Jan 09 16:27 05h07.8m +22°21.5' 2162 Jan 12 20:44 17h14.4m -20°42.3' Jan 27 06:35 05h15.1m +20°36.6' 2163 Jan 03 11:28 17h26.5m -19°23.8' Jan 17 09:26 05h27.7m +19°20.6' 2164 Jan 21 15:35 17h47.7m -18°29.9' Jan 07 15:15 05h46.2m +18°34.7' 2165 Dec 05 11:44 18h25.8m -18°58.1' Dec 18 10:43 06h27.4m +19°00.0' 2166 Dec 23 07:08 18h43.1m -20°10.2' Dec 08 20:28 06h42.2m +20°07.9' 2167 Dec 13 11:24 18h51.3m -21°41.6' Dec 26 18:24 06h52.0m +21°41.9' 2168 Dec 29 16:37 18h53.5m -23°21.7' Dec 16 03:43 06h53.2m +23°21.7' 2169 Dec 19 13:39 18h49.1m -24°59.3' Dec 06 11:54 06h49.2m +24°59.7' 2170 Nov 12 01:43 18h40.8m -26°26.8' Nov 26 16:34 06h41.2m +26°26.8' 2171 Nov 02 03:51 18h30.2m -27°35.4' Oct 20 08:20 06h30.4m +27°34.5' 2172 Oct 22 10:58 18h17.6m -28°20.3' Oct 08 22:22 06h17.6m +28°20.4' 2173 Sep 15 13:54 18h03.6m -28°40.8' Sep 28 11:03 06h03.7m +28°41.5' 2174 Mar 25 19:59 17h56.4m -28°41.5' Mar 11 03:53 05h56.5m +28°41.9' 2175 Feb 16 11:53 17h43.0m -28°22.0' Mar 01 02:40 05h42.7m +28°22.5' 2176 Feb 06 04:20 17h30.2m -27°36.4' Feb 19 09:11 05h30.0m +27°36.0' 2177 Jan 25 18:56 17h19.1m -26°28.8' Jan 12 09:55 05h19.1m +26°28.4' 2178 Jan 15 13:37 17h11.0m -25°03.3' Jan 02 15:21 05h10.9m +25°03.5' 2179 Jan 05 15:44 17h07.1m -23°25.0' Jan 20 05:22 05h07.6m +23°22.4' 2180 Jan 23 08:36 17h10.2m -21°38.1' Jan 10 05:44 05h09.1m +21°41.9'
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2181 to 2200
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Year Minimum RA Dec. Maximum RA Dec. 2181 Jan 12 23:20 17h18.5m -20°07.8' Jan 26 15:06 05h19.4m +20°03.2' 2182 Jan 03 14:28 17h33.5m -19°00.3' Jan 16 19:14 05h34.7m +18°57.6' 2183 Dec 15 19:27 18h14.4m -18°34.4' Dec 28 18:29 06h16.0m +18°34.6' 2184 Dec 05 06:47 18h32.6m -19°21.9' Dec 18 07:39 06h34.2m +19°23.3' 2185 Dec 22 19:07 18h47.4m -20°43.8' Dec 08 20:05 06h46.4m +20°41.5' 2186 Dec 12 19:20 18h53.0m -22°19.3' Dec 26 18:49 06h53.2m +22°19.4' 2187 Dec 30 02:24 18h52.3m -24°00.1' Dec 17 02:43 06h52.2m +24°00.4' 2188 Nov 21 16:57 18h46.2m -25°35.4' Dec 06 06:18 06h46.5m +25°35.5' 2189 Nov 11 20:41 18h37.1m -26°55.5' Nov 26 03:23 06h37.2m +26°54.7' 2190 Nov 02 04:17 18h25.6m -27°54.9' Oct 19 11:10 06h25.6m +27°54.9' 2191 Sep 26 06:46 18h12.4m -28°31.2' Oct 09 00:55 06h12.3m +28°32.0' 2192 Sep 15 08:36 17h58.4m -28°42.6' Sep 27 20:30 05h58.5m +28°42.4' 2193 Feb 26 02:44 17h51.5m -28°36.9' Mar 10 18:47 05h51.4m +28°37.4' 2194 Feb 15 17:29 17h37.9m -28°06.8' Mar 01 02:05 05h37.8m +28°06.5' 2195 Feb 05 07:09 17h25.5m -27°12.9' Jan 23 03:13 05h25.6m +27°12.5' 2196 Jan 26 02:01 17h15.5m -25°57.7' Jan 13 07:28 05h15.7m +25°58.0' 2197 Jan 15 05:01 17h09.2m -24°25.3' Jan 02 08:15 05h09.1m +24°26.1' 2198 Jan 05 14:04 17h07.5m -22°44.5' Jan 19 15:38 05h07.8m +22°41.9' 2199 Jan 23 12:10 17h13.1m -20°59.7' Jan 09 13:50 05h11.8m +21°04.8' 2200 Jan 14 01:47 17h24.0m -19°37.0' Jan 27 00:22 05h25.1m +19°33.0'
Acknowledgement
All calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Algorithms used in predicting the Moon's monthly lunar standstills are based on Astronomical Algorithms by Jean Meeus (Willmann-Bell, Inc., Richmond, 1999).
Permission is granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by a link to this page and the credit line:
- "Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills Table Courtesy of Fred Espenak, www.Astropixels.com".
Fifty Year Almanac of Astronomical Events - 2021 to 2070
More information and sample pages: Fifty Year Almanacs of Astronomical Events - 2021 To 2070.
Various phases of the Moon during the synodic month.
Monthly Lunar Standstills By Century
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the Moon's monthly lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills By Century
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1501 to 1600
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1601 to 1700
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1701 to 1800
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1801 to 1900
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 1901 to 2000
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2101 to 2200
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2201 to 2300
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2301 to 2400
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables giving the dates and times of the greatest annual lunar standstills for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Perigee and Apogee By Century
- Perigee and Apogee: 1501 to 1600
- Perigee and Apogee: 1601 to 1700
- Perigee and Apogee: 1701 to 1800
- Perigee and Apogee: 1801 to 1900
- Perigee and Apogee: 1901 to 2000
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100
- Perigee and Apogee: 2101 to 2200
- Perigee and Apogee: 2201 to 2300
- Perigee and Apogee: 2301 to 2400
- Perigee and Apogee: 2401 to 2500
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Perigee and Apogee for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Moon Phases By Century
Below are links to 100-year tables of the dates and times of the Moon's Phases for each century from 1501 to 2500.
Additional Links About the Moon
The links below are tables providing the dates and times of the Moon's phases (New Moon,
First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) for five time zones throughout the 21st Century.
- Perigee and Apogee: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Perigee (New Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Perigee (Full Supermoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- New Moon at Apogee (New Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Full Moon at Apogee (Full Micromoon): 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Ascending and Descending Node: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Monthly Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Greatest Annual Lunar Standstills: 2001 to 2100 (GMT)
- Length of Synodic Month: 2001 to 2100
Links to tables of dates for lunar perigees, apogees, supermoons, micromoons, lunar nodes and standstills,
and length of the synodic month throughout the 21st Century.
The following links offer several galleries of Moon photographs.